The socket is lined on the inside by a periodontal ligament.

韧带使槽排列整齐排列。

The root is covered by cementum, which is a bonelike substance that the periodontal ligament's fibers attach to.

包裹着根的是骨质，是一种骨样物质，也是韧带纤维连接的部分。

You have something much worse: periodontal disease.

你有更糟糕的事情：。

These changes may increase pathogenic organisms or their activity causing a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries or periodontal diseases.

这些改变可能会增加致微生物的数量提高其活性，从而导致诸如龋齿、疾等一系列口性疾。

Animals as adults commonly get periodontal disease, so we really should be brushing their teeth, and more pet owners are starting to do this.

成年后的动物通常会患， 所以我们真的应该给它们刷，而且越来越多的宠物主人开始这样做。

In pregnancy, the oral microbiota goes through some important changes which lead to colonisation of various microorganisms especially periodontal pathogens that may be a risk for the health of the pregnant woman.

怀孕期间，口微生物群会经历许多重要变化；这些变化会导致多种微生物的定植，尤其是致菌的定植，可能会威胁到孕妇健康。

These include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduousteeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), dental follicleprecursor cells (DFPCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

这些包括来自人类脱落的脱落的干细胞(SHED), 来自顶乳头(SCAP)的干细胞, 囊前体细胞(DFPC), 韧带干细胞(PDLSCs)和龈来源的间充质干细胞。

This alteration can disrupt the bacterial equilibrium in the oral cavity by increasing harmful bacteria and decreasing the beneficial ones, thus leading to a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries, or periodontal diseases.

这种改变会增加有害菌、减少有益菌，从而破坏口中的细菌平衡，导致龋齿、疾等一系列口性疾的发生。