With mutations, proto-oncogenes become oncogenes, and these overstimulate the cell growth.

随着突，原基基，这些基过度刺激细胞生长。

Oncogenes help cells grow and proliferate, while tumor suppressor genes slow down cell growth and proliferation.

致基加速细胞生长增殖，而抑基使细胞生长增殖慢。

So oncogenes or mutated tumor suppressor genes allow cells to keep growing uncontrollably resulting into tumors.

此，基或突的抑基使细胞不受控制地增长，导致肿瘤发生。

Fusobacteria is another genus of bacteria in the mouth that produces excessive immune responses and activates oncogenes.

梭杆菌属是口腔中另会引发过度免疫应答、激活基的细菌。

The second crucial mutation can happen in your  oncogenes.

第二个关键突可能发生在基中。

So if for example, your oncogenes switch back  on, they make oncogene proteins.

例如，如果您的基重新启动，它们就会产生基蛋白质。

When proto-oncogenes, like epidermal growth factor receptor and RAS, are activated, it turns them into oncogenes that promote cell division.

当原基（如表皮生长子受体基、RAS基）被激活时，它们就成了促进细胞分裂的基。

Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.

从宇宙射线到辐射再到饮食，任何素都可能激活个休眠的致基，但具体机制仍然未知。

One new treatment relies on a test to identify damaged genes called oncogenes that allow cancer cells to grow and spread.

新疗法是识别出名致基的破损基，这基能使得细胞发展和蔓延。

When oncogenes are turned on the cell is told to multiply rapidly.

当基被打开时，细胞就会迅速繁殖。

The results showed that patients whose driver oncogenes were specifically targeted lived, on average, a year longer than those who received standard chemotherapy.

结果显示其致基子得到针对性地治疗的患者存活了，平均来说他们比那些接受标准化疗的患者多活年。

When your oncogenes get corrupted,   they basically turn on again.

当你的基被破坏时，它们基本上会再次开启。

If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

如果几个致基被激活，细胞无法关闭它们，就会成细胞。

Abnormal cell division can occur either when active oncogenes are expressed or when tumor suppressor genes are lost.

当活性基表达或肿瘤抑制基丢失时，可发生异常细胞分裂。

Oncologist Mark Kris from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center led a study that examined the role oncogenes play in the spread of cancer.

史隆凯特林症中心的肿瘤专家马克·克里斯负责了项检验致基在症蔓延中所起作用的研究。

52 This suggests oncogene addiction, as seen occasionally and originally when first-generation EGFR-TKIs were withdrawn from patients with EGFR mutations.

52 这表明致基成瘾，正如最初在从 EGFR 突患者体内撤回第代 EGFR-TKI 时偶尔看到的那样。

Unlike other targetable oncogene drivers in NSCLC, KRAs G12C is most common in smokers Until recently, KRAS was an undruggable target.

与 NSCLC 中的其他靶向基驱动素不同，KRA G12C 在吸烟者中最常见。直到最近，KRAS 仍是个不可药物治疗的靶点。

But if it happens in certain genes that are important in cancer, like oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, it can create deadly cancers like skin cancer.

但是如果它发生在某些对症很重要的基中，比如致基或肿瘤抑制基，它会产生致命的症，比如皮肤。

It usually involves several genetic mutations in endometrial cells, including of PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene; PIK3CA, an oncogene; and ARID1A, a gene regulating chromatin structure.

它通常涉及子宫内膜细胞的几基突，包括抑基PTEN、原基PIK3CA，及调控染色质结构的基ARID1A。

The result is that the cell receives a constant message to divide. This dominant " gain of function gene" is often called an oncogene.

结果是细胞接收个恒定的消息进行不断分裂。这显性的" 获得功能基" 通常被称基。