Their closest relatives are the gymnosperms, a group that came before them on Earth.

它们的近亲是裸子，这是一个在上先于它们的群体。

Baker said angiosperms are more successful at reproducing than gymnosperms.

贝克说，被子比裸子在繁殖方面更成功。

Gymnosperms and angiosperms both have seeds.

裸子被子都有种子。

Gymnosperms usually depend upon the wind for pollination.

裸子通常依靠风授粉。

So, why was this butterfly-lookalike visiting a gymnosperm 165 million years ago?

那么，为什么这只长得像蝴蝶的人会 在 1.65 亿年前造访裸子呢？

They spread into many ecological niches and replaced the gymnosperms.

它们扩散到许多生态位并 取代裸子。

As gymnosperms declined, angiosperms or flowering plants filled the niches  they left behind.

随着裸子的衰落，被子或开花填补它们留下的生态位。

But, for most of the history of land plants, gymnosperms were dominant.

但是，在陆的大部分历史中， 裸子占主导位。

Like the scorpionflies and lacewings, these true flies were thriving on the reproductive structures of gymnosperms, not angiosperms.

像蝎子蝇草蛉一样，这些真正的苍蝇在裸子而非被子的生殖结构上繁衍生息。

But the gymnosperms haven’t been totally abandoned by their pollinators.

但裸子并没有 被它们的传粉者完全抛弃。

During the Cretaceous Period, many common plants  were gymnosperms or seed-producing plants, like early conifers.

在白垩纪时期， 许多常见的是裸子或产生种子的，如早期的针叶树。

The sweet pollen drops of some modern gymnosperms still attract pollinating flies and moths.

一些现代裸子的甜花粉滴 仍然吸引授粉的苍蝇飞蛾。

Analysis of the pollen showed that it was mostly from a mix of gymnosperm plants, including cycads and ginkgos.

对花粉的分析表明， 它主要来自裸子的混合，包括苏铁银杏。

Like angiosperms replaced gymnosperms, non-avian dinosaurs were largely succeeded by  new kinds of mammals, which began to dominate terrestrial ecosystems.

就像被子取代裸子一样，非鸟类恐龙在很大程度上被新型哺乳所取代，并开始主宰陆生态系统。

Known technically as gymnosperms, they have needle-like leaves which are almost always evergreen and reproduce through exposed seeds nestled within cones.

它们在技术上被称为裸子， 有针状的叶子， 几乎总是常绿的，并通过果内暴露的种子进行繁殖。

The pollen it picked up was from a gymnosperm – the group that includes pines, cycads, and ginkgoes.

它采集的花粉来自裸子——包括松树、苏铁银杏在内的群。

For millions of years, gymnosperms  grew in vast prehistoric forests and murky swamps, forming dense yet open ecosystems where reptiles  and amphibians thrived.

数百万年来， 裸子生长在广阔的史前森林浑浊的沼泽中，形成密集而开放的生态系统， 爬行两栖在这里繁衍生息。

As the angiosperms got their foothold and attracted crossover pollinators like beetles, some pollinators still remained loyal to the gymnosperms.

当被子站稳脚跟并吸引甲虫等交叉传粉者时，一些传粉者仍然忠于裸子。

A single individual was found fossilized in 105 million-year-old amber from northern Spain with gymnosperm pollen dusted on its mouthparts, legs, and back.

在来自西班牙北部的 1.05 亿年前的琥珀中发现一个个体的化石，其口器、腿背部上撒满裸子花粉。

It was actually something between  a fern and a group of woody plants that exists today called gymnosperms, which includes conifers and gingkos.

它实际上介于蕨类今天存在的称为裸子的一组木本之间，其中包括针叶树银杏。