Macro questions are things like " What caused the transition from feudalism to capitalism? "

“什么使主义社会走向资本主义？”就一个宏观问题。

In Europe feudalism and chivalry arrived on horseback, as did Napoleon's troops.

在欧洲，主义和骑士精神骑马而来的，拿破仑的军队也此。

A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism.

所以，我们仍需长期的努力，以避免一个数字专的未来。

Since then, students in primary schools and high schools have been liberated from the claimed trash of feudalism.

自从这以后，中小学生摆脱了主义的束缚。

As a result, students are taught to associate traditional classic books with backwardness of feudalism.

导致老师教授学生的传统典籍与度的结合。

They viewed dynamite rather as the way in which muskets helped end the domain of feudalism.

他们把炸药看成终结了主义的毛瑟枪一样。

Historians see enormous political and economic impacts. Worker shortages gave serfs more bargaining power and hastened the end of feudalism.

历史学家看到了巨大的政治和经济影响。工人短缺给农奴们更多的议价能力，加速了主义的终结。

This is where capitalism was replacing feudalism.

这就资本主义取代主义的地方。

It's an internalized feudalism which imagines that only certain people but not oneself, have the right, preordained, to get certain things.

这一种内心的度，认为某些人而不自己，才有权利或注定获得某些东西。

In feudalism, being a lord or a peasant was a legal matter.

在度下，做领主或农民一件合法的事情。

Feudalism, which had pervaded Europe in the High  Middle Ages, was witnessing its ultimate demise.

在中世纪盛期遍及欧洲的主义正在目睹其最终的灭亡。

During the centuries of feudalism, neither serfs nor nobles were businessmen.

在度的几个世纪里，农奴和贵族都不商人。

It's an old word that describes a system, common in the Middle Ages in Europe, called " feudalism" (feudalism).

这一个描述一种度的古老词， 通用于中世纪的欧洲，叫做“主义” （feudalism）。

With it, the period of tribal rules was finished and feudalism installed.

就这样，部落统治的时期结束了，主义开始了。

Before the plague, Europe was overpopulated – and  feudalism was the norm.

在瘟疫爆发之前，欧洲人口过剩——主义常态。

With the Norman Conquest, the period of tribal rule was finished and feudalism installed.

随着诺曼征服，部落统治时期结束，主义开始立。

There would be the same scarcity under feudalism or socialism or in a tribal society.

在主义、社会主义或部落社会中也会存在同样的稀缺性。

The feudalism system was still prevalent, but there were whispers of change in the air.

度仍然盛行， 但空气中已有了变革的低语。

King William I changed many parts of  Anglo-Saxon life, mainly because he expanded feudalism in England.

威廉一世国王改变了盎格鲁撒克逊人生活的许多方面，主要因为他扩大了英格兰的度。

Maybe you'd think back to Marx or Durkheim and say that it was the shift from feudalism to capitalism.

也许你会回想起马克思或涂尔干，并说这从主义到资本主义的转变。